Pentachloroethane with Water (IUPAC SDS Volume 67)
Evaluator
Ari L. Horvath Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Limited
Evaluation
The pentachloroethane (1) and water (2) binary system is treated in two parts; Part 1 is pentachloroethane (1) in water (2) and Part 2 is water (2) in pentachloroethane (1).
Part 1. The solubility of pentachloroethane (1) in water (2) has been studied by seven work groups. All the experimental data were reported at only 293.15 and 298.15 K. The datum of Wright and Schaffer1 at 298.15 K is lower than other results and is rejected. The datum of Veith et al.2 at 293.15 K is also significantly higher than other results and is therefore rejected.
The remaining data of van Arkel and Vles,3 McGovern,4 O'Connell,5 Walraevens et al.,6 and Hutchinson et al.7 at 293.15 and 298.15 K are in reasonable agreement. Walraevens et al.6 expressed the solubility between 283 and 353 K in an empirical equation; this work is summarized in the Compilation Sheet. The tentative solubility values in weight percent and mole fraction are given in Table 1.
Regardless the above tentative values, further studies are required to establish more accurate values and to extend the temperature range of the solubility data. Part 2. The solubility of water (2) in pentachloroethane (1) between 273 and 303 K has been measured by five groups of researchers with reasonable agreement. The datum of O'Connell5 is markedly higher than other results and is therefore rejected.
The solubility measurements at 298.15 K have been studied by four workers4,8,9,10 with good agreement. The temperature dependence of the solubility of water in pentachloroethane between 273 and 303 K was studied only by Staverman.8 Consequently, Table 2 summarizes the tentative solubility of water in pentachloroethane at 5 K intervals. (Because it is not possible to say which of the four data are more accurate, it is suggested that the arithmetic mean of the four reported measurements is probably the most accurate at 298.15 K.)
Table 2. Tentative Solubility of Water (2) in Pentachloroethane (1)
C $T$ (°C) C $T$ ($\pu{K}$) D 100w2 D $x_{2}$ D $x_{2}$
0.0 273.15 1.62 x 10-2 1.82 x 10-3 1.82 x 10-3
5.0 278.15 1.89 x 10-2 2.12 x 10-3 2.12 x 10-3
10.0 283.15 2.21 x 10-2 2.48 x 10-3 2.48 x 10-3
15.0 288.15 2.57 x 10-2 2.88 x 10-3 2.88 x 10-3
20.0 293.15 3.00 x 10-2 3.36 x 10-3 3.36 x 10-3
25.0 298.15 3.47 x 10-2 3.91 x 10-3 3.91 x 10-3
30.0 303.15 4.14 x 10-2 4.65 x 10-3 4.65 x 10-3

Table 1. Tentative Solubility of Pentachloroethane (1) in Water (2)
C $T$ (°C) C $T$ ($\pu{K}$) D 100w1 D $x_{1}$
20.0 293.15 4.7 x 10-2 4.18 x 10-5
25.0 298.15 4.9 x 10-2 4.37 x 10-5

Sources:

8 Staverman, A. J.; Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1941, 60, 836-41.
9 Ohtsuka, K.; Kazama, K.; Sen't Seihin Shohi Kagaku Kaishi 22, 197-201 (1982).
1 Wright, W. H.; Schaffer, J. M.; Am. J. Hygiene 16, 325 (1932).
2 Veith, G. D.; Macek, K. J.; Petrucelli, S. R.; Carroll, J.; Proc. 3rd Ann. Symp. on Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM Publ. 707, Philadelphia, 1980, p. 116-29.
3 van Arkel, A. E.; Vles, S. E.; Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1936, 55, 407-11.
4 McGovern, E. W.; Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 1230-9.
5 O'Connell, W. L.; Trans. Am. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1963, 226, 126-32.
6 Walraevens, R.; Trouillet, P.; Devos, A.; Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 6, 777-86 (1974)
7 Hutchinson, T. C.; Hellebust, J. A.; Tam, D.; Mackay, D.; Mascarenhas, R. A.; Shiu, W. Y.; 'Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment' Plenum Press, 1980, p. 577-586.
10 Hutchinson, C. A.; Lyon, A. M.; Columbia University Report A-745, July 1, 1943.